Present Tense
1a) PRESENT INDEFINITE/SIMPLE
Affirmative: Sub+V1
I write a letter.
She makes a doll.
Note:Use s/es with the 1st form of the verb if the Subject is He/She/It or singular Noun (boy, player, teacher, Mohan, Sita etc).
Negative: Sub+do/does+not+V1
We do not write poems.
Ram does not play football.
Interrogative: Do/Does+sub+V1
Do you go to market?
Does he go for a walk?
Int. & Neg.: Do/Does+sub+not+V1
Do we not work?
1b) PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative: Sub+is/am/are+V1+ing
Mohan is reading.
Negative: Sub+is/am/are+not +V1+ing
They are not playing cricket.
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are+sub+V1+ing
Is he going?
Int. & Neg.: Is/Am/Are+sub+not+V1+ing
Are you not playing cricket?
1c) PRESENT PERFECT
Aff.: Sub+has/have+V3
She has made tea.
Neg.: Sub+has/have+not+V3
They have not taken medicine.
He has not come since Monday.
Int.: Has/Have+sub+V3
Have they slept?
Int. & Neg.: Has/Have+sub+not+V3
Have you not done your home-work?
1d) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Aff.: Sub+has/have+been+V1+ing+since/for
I have been reading since 5 O'clock.
Neg.:Sub+has/have+not+been+V1+ ing+ Since/for
Ravi has not been playing since evening.
Int.: Has/Have+sub+been+V1+ing+since/for
Have you been working for ten minutes?
Int. & Neg.:Has/Have+sub+not+been+VI+ing+since/for
Has she not been praying for five minutes?
Since: (For point of time) 10am, 6 O'clock, morning, 21st May, January,2002, when, then, yesterday, last year/month etc.
For: (For period of time) 2 days, 4 minutes, 2 hours, 7 months, 3 years, many days/months etc.
Note: Since or for is also used in perfect tense.
Past Tense
2a) PAST INDEFINITE
Aff.: Sub+V2
He wrote a letter.
Neg.: Sub+did+not+V1
They did not play match yesterday.
Int.: Did+sub+V1
Did they go for a walk?
Int. & Neg.: Did+sub+not+V1
Did you not take your lunch?
2b) PAST CONTINUOUS
Aff.: Sub+was/were+V1+ing
Gita was making tea.
Neg.: Sub+was/were+not+V1+ing
You were not reading.
Int.: Was/Were+sub+V1+ing
Were they running?
Int. & Neg. : Was/Were+sub+not+V1+ing
Were children not taking bath?
2c) PAST PERFECT
Aff.:Sub+had+V3
We had watched TV.
The train had left by then.
Neg.: Sub+had+not+V3
I had not played.
Rakesh had not come for three months.
Int.: Had+sub+V3
Had they won?
Int. & Neg.: Had+sub+not+V3
Had they not washed the clothes?
Note: Mostly the sentences are made in this tense when an action completed before a point of time in past: i) The guests had not reached till Sunday. ii) The movie had started before I reached home. iii) She had completed her work before 3pm.
2d) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Aff.: Sub+had+been+V1+ing+since/for
She had been helping me for three years.
Neg.:Sub+had+not+been+V1+ing+since/for
He had not been watching TV since noon.
Int.: Had+sub+been+V1+ing+since/for
Had they been gossipping for 2 hours?
Int. & Neg.:Had+sub+not+been+V1+ing+ since/for
Had you not been going to office for last two days?
Future Tense
a) FURURE INDEFINITE
Aff.: Sub+will/shall+V1
We shall play match.
They will meet you tomorrow.
Neg.: Sub+will/shall+not+V1
They will not go to market.
Int.:Will/Shall+sub+V1?
Shall I take breakfast ?
Int. & Neg. : Will/shall+sub+not+V1
Will washerman not iron the clothes?
Shall we not going for a walk?
Note: Use shall with I and we only.
3b) FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Aff. :Sub+will/shall+be+V1+ing
He will be playing the match.
Neg.:Sub+will/shall+not+be+V1+ing
We shall not be cooking food.
Int.: Will/Shall+sub+be+V1+ing
Will Gardener be watering the plants?
Int. & Neg.: Will/Shall+sub+not+be+V1+ing
Will they not be going to see film?
3c) FUTURE PERFECT
Aff.: Sub+will/shall+have+V3
Ravi will have killed the snake.
The farmer will have ploughed in the fields.
Neg. : Sub+will/shall+not+have+V3
She will not have taken tea.
Int.: Will/shall+Sub+have+V3
Will she have won the match?
Int. & Neg.:Will/shall+sub+not+have+V3
Will they have not gone to Rama's house?
3d) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Aff.:Sub+willshall+have+been+VI+ing +since/for
They will have been flying kites since 6 O'clock.
Neg.: Sub+willshall+not+have+been+V1+ing +since/for
Sita will not have been waiting for 1 hour.
Int.: Will/shall+sub+have+been+V1+ing +since/for
Shall we have been writing since 10am?
Int. & Neg.:Will/shall+sub+not+have+been +V1+ing+since/for
Will students not have been learning the lesson since morning?
