MODALS + HAVE
COULD HAVE
They could have gone. (but they didn't)
MAY HAVE
Raju may have taken my book. (possibility in present)
MUST HAVE
They must have completed their home work. (definite possibility in present)
WOULD HAVE
If he had money he would have bought books. (imagination in past - conditional)
NEED HAVE
1. You need not have waited for him. (You didn't need to wait for him.)
2. Need Rita have borrowed money. (Did Rita need to borrow money.)
MIGHT HAVE
India might have won the match. (possibility in past)
SHOULD HAVE
You should have gone to office.
Showing posts with label Modals. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Modals. Show all posts
Use of MODALS Part-3
Some more uses of:
SHOULD
Lest
1. Work hard lest you should fail.
2. Run fast lest you should miss the bus.
MAY
Purpose
1. He is saving money so that he may (or can) buy a house.
2. She works hard so that she may obtain good marks.
USED TO
Other uses:
1. He is used to (habitual of) taking tea in the morning.
2. They were not used to sleeping at noon.
3. Children will get used to discipline.
4. We got used to the climate of England.
5. They will get used to working hard.
WOULD
Saying something in Present like Future
1. Father would be (or may be) in the room.
2. He would be sleeping at this time.
Preference, Liking
I would like to take coffee.
Past Habit
1. He would go to temple daily.
2. She would often listen to music.
Would that (I wish)
1. Would that I had one crore rupees!
2. Would that I were prime minister!
(I wish I were prime minister!)
SHOULD
Lest
1. Work hard lest you should fail.
2. Run fast lest you should miss the bus.
MAY
Purpose
1. He is saving money so that he may (or can) buy a house.
2. She works hard so that she may obtain good marks.
USED TO
Other uses:
1. He is used to (habitual of) taking tea in the morning.
2. They were not used to sleeping at noon.
3. Children will get used to discipline.
4. We got used to the climate of England.
5. They will get used to working hard.
WOULD
Saying something in Present like Future
1. Father would be (or may be) in the room.
2. He would be sleeping at this time.
Preference, Liking
I would like to take coffee.
Past Habit
1. He would go to temple daily.
2. She would often listen to music.
Would that (I wish)
1. Would that I had one crore rupees!
2. Would that I were prime minister!
(I wish I were prime minister!)
Use of MODALS Part-2
USED TO
A. Past Habit or happening
1. He used to fly kites in childhood.
2. Ravi used not to study in our school.
3. Used she to go for a walk daily?
MAY
A. To Give or Take Permission (formal)
1. May I go, sir?
2. May I take your pen?
3. You may sit here.
B. Possibility (no interrogatives)
1. It may rain today.
2. He may not go to Nainital.
3. May be he is in his room.
4. Raju may be with his friends.
5. Children may be sleeping.
C. Wish
1. May God give you success in life!
2.May he live happily!
WOULD
A. Past of Will
He told that he would go to Mumbai.
B. Polite request, invitation etc.
Would you take tea?
NEED
Only negative and interrogative sentences.
1. You need not go with him.
2. Need we write a letter?
As a verb: We need some money today.
DARE
Only negative and interrogative.
1. He dare not oppose me.
2. Dare she swim across this river?
3. How dare you open my letter?
As a verb: They didn't dare to enter the room.
MIGHT
A. Possibility in Past
1. Rajan said that he might go to Mumbai.
B. Permission in Past
1. Sita asked the teacher if she might come in.
C. Purpose in past
1. Sita worked hard so that she might pass in the examination.
2. Rajesh saved money so that he might buy a car.
OUGHT TO
Moral Obligation (Duty, Advice etc.)
(old use)
1. You ought to obey your parents.
2. She ought to fulfill her promise.
3. You ought to serve your country.
A. Past Habit or happening
1. He used to fly kites in childhood.
2. Ravi used not to study in our school.
3. Used she to go for a walk daily?
MAY
A. To Give or Take Permission (formal)
1. May I go, sir?
2. May I take your pen?
3. You may sit here.
B. Possibility (no interrogatives)
1. It may rain today.
2. He may not go to Nainital.
3. May be he is in his room.
4. Raju may be with his friends.
5. Children may be sleeping.
C. Wish
1. May God give you success in life!
2.May he live happily!
WOULD
A. Past of Will
He told that he would go to Mumbai.
B. Polite request, invitation etc.
Would you take tea?
NEED
Only negative and interrogative sentences.
1. You need not go with him.
2. Need we write a letter?
As a verb: We need some money today.
DARE
Only negative and interrogative.
1. He dare not oppose me.
2. Dare she swim across this river?
3. How dare you open my letter?
As a verb: They didn't dare to enter the room.
MIGHT
A. Possibility in Past
1. Rajan said that he might go to Mumbai.
B. Permission in Past
1. Sita asked the teacher if she might come in.
C. Purpose in past
1. Sita worked hard so that she might pass in the examination.
2. Rajesh saved money so that he might buy a car.
OUGHT TO
Moral Obligation (Duty, Advice etc.)
(old use)
1. You ought to obey your parents.
2. She ought to fulfill her promise.
3. You ought to serve your country.
Use of MODALS Part-1
CAN
A. Ability, Power and Capacity
1. Ravi can drive a car.
2. Can you lift this weight?
3. He can speak English fluently.
4. They can not help at this time.
B. To Give or Take Permission (informal)
1. Can I take your pen?
2. You can go now.
C. Possibility (Mostly used for negative and interrogative sentences)
1. This news can not be true.
2. He can not come today?
3. Can he be angry?
COULD
A. Ability, Power and Capacaity in Past
1. He could drive a car.
2. They could win this competition.
3. He ran as fast as he could.
B. Permission/Possibility in Past
1. He asked me if he could take my pen.
2. He told her that he could not give her his car.
C. Use in Present (More polite and hesitant than can)
1. Could you give me your pen?
2. Could you tell me the way to the railway station ?
SHOULD
Duty, Advice etc.
1. You should meet him tomorrow.
2. Should we attend the function?
SHOULD HAVE
1. He should have played the match.
2. Should they have told a lie?
MUST
Must is used to express Duty, Necessity etc.
1. You must go to school daily.
2. You must work hard if you want to succeed.
"Be" is used in place of verb or while adding "ing" with a verb. It is a use in present, not future.
1. She must be in the office.
2. You must be sixteen.
3. Rajat must be sleeping.
4. Teacher must be teaching the class.
A. Ability, Power and Capacity
1. Ravi can drive a car.
2. Can you lift this weight?
3. He can speak English fluently.
4. They can not help at this time.
B. To Give or Take Permission (informal)
1. Can I take your pen?
2. You can go now.
C. Possibility (Mostly used for negative and interrogative sentences)
1. This news can not be true.
2. He can not come today?
3. Can he be angry?
COULD
A. Ability, Power and Capacaity in Past
1. He could drive a car.
2. They could win this competition.
3. He ran as fast as he could.
B. Permission/Possibility in Past
1. He asked me if he could take my pen.
2. He told her that he could not give her his car.
C. Use in Present (More polite and hesitant than can)
1. Could you give me your pen?
2. Could you tell me the way to the railway station ?
SHOULD
Duty, Advice etc.
1. You should meet him tomorrow.
2. Should we attend the function?
SHOULD HAVE
1. He should have played the match.
2. Should they have told a lie?
MUST
Must is used to express Duty, Necessity etc.
1. You must go to school daily.
2. You must work hard if you want to succeed.
"Be" is used in place of verb or while adding "ing" with a verb. It is a use in present, not future.
1. She must be in the office.
2. You must be sixteen.
3. Rajat must be sleeping.
4. Teacher must be teaching the class.
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